SMART
video-tracking system
ANXIETY - DEPRESSION - LEARNING AND MEMORY - LOCOMOTOR ACTIVITY AND EXPLORATION - REWARD AND ADDICTION - SENSORIMOTOR AND COORDINATION - SOCIAL INTERACTION
INTEGRATED SOLUTIONS BY AREA OF INTEREST
- ANXIETY: Elevated plus maze test, Elevated zero maze test, Black and white box test, Holeboard test for anxiety, Open field test for anxiety, Social interaction test
- DEPRESSION: Forced swimming test, Tail-suspension test
- LEARNING AND MEMORY: Morris water maze, Object recognition test, Radial maze
- LOCOMOTOR ACTIVITY AND EXPLORATION: Open-field test for basal global activity, Locomotor response to Novelty, Holeboard Test, Novel object test, Emergence test
- REWARD AND ADDICTION: Conditioned place preference
- SENSORIMOTOR AND COORDINATION: Rotameter test
- SOCIAL INTERACTION: Social interaction test, Social recognition test
SMART is a complete and user-friendly video-tracking system for evaluating behaviours in experimental animals. It allows the recording of activity, trajectories, events, social behaviour interactions and performs the calculations of a wide range of analysis parameters. The system offers a flexible and easy to learn interface for setting up a wide variety of behavioural tests: Water Maze, Open Field, Plus/Radial Arm Mazes, and Place Preference tests in addition to other user-designed applications.
SMART works with animals located in up to 16 separate enclosures providing both quantitative and qualitative analyses of each animal’s path. Each animal enclosure can be divided into different zone of interest using the specific tools provided by SMART. Up to 31 different zones (and one Exclusion Zone) can be easily drawn with different name and characteristics (Standard, Target, Arm or Hidden). A special tool for Watermaze is included.
Animal trajectories are acquired from Real time TV images or videotaped records and stored enabling you to analyze and re-analyse experiments with different zone configurations and parameters.
TRACKING allows not only acquiring information about the spatial position of the animal but also the automatic detection of a range of specific behaviours. Manually scored behaviours (e.g. grooming) can be calculated for any zone or independent variable.
The SMART system can be expanded for using the Triwise technology for the automated detection of the head, center-mass and base-tail allowing then a more detailed evaluation of some specific behavioural items (rearing, rotations, object exploration, entries into zones, contacts…).
The parameters evaluated are presented in reports entirely configurable by the user. The report coverage can be the full track or it can be split into different intervals of time. Besides, results can be directly and automatically exported to Excel®.
SMART can elaborate a graphic representation/ image of the tracks studied. This option is of great interest to illustrate data in publications and conferences.
An adapted version of SMART, SMART-DT, is provided for free to check data, generate statistics, print out results and obtain graphics. SMART-DT can be installed in as many computers as may be required.
Parameters Measured
- Parameters characterizing the animal trajectory (distance, speed, permanence time in zone etc.)
- Specific parameters for Morris Water Maze (latency to target, time in walls, wishaw's error, permanence time in quadrants, directionality etc.)
- Specific parameters for social interaction (contacts, relative movements etc.)
- Immobility periods
- Global activity
- Events visualized by the experimenter (using event recorder)
- Rearing (TriWise technology option)
- Clockwise and Counter Clockwise rotations (TriWise technology option)
Key features
- Flexible and precise analysis of animal behaviour
- Providing objective data
- Highly user-friendly
- Digital video files analysis
- Entirely configurable Data report
- Zone-dependent camera settings
- Optimized tracking in low contrast conditions
- Activity mapping tool
- Day/night cycle control system
- Immobility detection for forced-swimming test and freezing
- Automated detection of head, center mass and base-tail (Triwise technology option)
- User-defined criteria for zone entry (Triwise technology option)
- Personalized scientific support
Components included
- CD and USB protection Key
- Cables, connectors
- Instructions manual
- Free software updates of the acquired system
- Free Technical Assistance
- Free Scientific support
- 2 years warrantly on hardware
Options
- A number of cameras (PAL, NTSC, infrared, b&w, color, etc) provided with lens and cables.
- Material for camera fixation (upon request)
- DVD reader/writer
- Telemetric Switch (remote start/stop switch )
- Frame Grabber Board (PC interface board )
- PC Station
- Multiplexer, Digital switches, Digital recorders are available under request
- Mazes (T maze, Y maze, Plus maze...)
Specifications
| Computer requirements |
2 GHz processor or higher (Celeron processor not supported), 2 Gb of RAM with 1 free USB port. Frame grabber board needs PCI 32-bit a bus master expansion slot available. VIA chipset not recommended. |
| Graphic Card requirements |
256 colours palette graphics card for 1024x768 pixels, 32-bit true colour RGB display |
| System requirements |
Windows™ XP (SP2 or Higher), Vista 32 and Windows 7 compatible operating system |
| Sources |
Video Camera, Video Tape, DVD player or Digital VIdeo Files |
| SMART-BS |
Basic System V 2.5 Single subject tracking. Needs FRBOARD |
| FRBOARD2 |
Frame Grabber Board (PC interface board ) |
Options
| SMARTMA |
Multiple Arenas Extension (one animal per arena in up to 16 arenas) |
| SMARTSS |
Social Behaviour Extension (up to 16 animals in a single arena) |
| SMARTTW |
Triwise Tech Extension for detection of head, center mass and base-tail |
| SMARTI/O8C |
Smart System Extension. Control Box for 8 Inputs and 8 Outputs |
| SMARTI/O32C |
Smart System Extension. Control Box for 32 Inputs and 32 Outputs |
| SMARTUPGv2.5 |
Upgrade from previous versions to v 2.5 |
| SMARTTS |
Telemetric Switch (remote start/stop switch ) |
| SSCM388CE |
Sony camera B&W & F 1,2 Lens. High resolution. 0,07 Lux. |
| SSCDC378P |
Sony camera color & F 1,3 Lens. 0,7 Lux |
| SSC478P |
Sony camera color Night & Day (infrared) PAL 0,05 / 0,55 lux |
| SMARTCOPC |
Complete PC Station (upon request) |
| SMARTCODVD |
DVD reader/writer (upon request) |
| SMARTCO |
Material for camera fixation (upon request) |
| * |
A wide range of mazes available under request |
- Arqué G et al. (2009) Age-associated motor and visuo-spatial learning phenotype in Dyrk1A heterozygous mutant mice. Neurobiol of Disease. (mouse, Spain) In Press
- Folven KI et al. (2009) Does selenium modify neurobehavioural impacts of developmental methylmercury exposure in mice? Environmental Toxicol. Pharmacol. 28(1):111-119. (motor function, mouse, Norway, New Zeland)
- Griesbach GS et al. (2009) Controlled contusion injury alters molecular systems associated with cognitive performance. J. Neurosci. Res. 87(3):795-805. (water maze, rat, USA)
- Handattu SP et al. (2009) Oral apolipoprotein A-I mimetic peptide improves cognitive function and reduces amyloid burden in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Neurobioly of Disease, 34(3):525-534. (water maze, mouse, USA)
- Harada N et al. (2009) Functional analysis of neurosteroidal oestrogen using gene-disrupted and transgenic mice. J. Neuroendocrinol. 21(4):365-369. (parallelism index, mouse, Japan)
- Hazane F et al. (2009) Behavioral Perturbations After Prenatal Neurogenesis Disturbance in Female Rat. Neurotoxicity Res. 15(4):1476-3524. (Locomotor activity, rat, France)
- Jancic D et al. (2009) Inhibition of cAMP Response Element-Binding Protein Reduces Neuronal Excitability and Plasticity, and Triggers Neurodegeneration. Cereb. Cortex. (open-field, mouse, Spain) In Press
- Kumar RS et al. (2009) Ascorbic Acid protects against restraint stress-induced memory deficits in wistar rats. Clinics (Sao Paulo). 64(12):1211-7. (morris water maze, rat, India)
- Lee YK et al (2009) CCR5 deficiency induces astrocyte activation, Aβ deposit and impaired memory function. Neurobiol. Learn. Mem. 92(3):356-363. (mouse, Korea)
- Lee JW et al. (2009) Green Tea (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate Inhibits betaβ-Amyloid-Induced Cognitive Dysfunction through Modification of Secretase Activity via Inhibition of ERK and NF-kappaB Pathways in Mice. J. Nutr. 139(10):1987-93. (water maze, mice, Korea)
- Malone DT et al. (2009) Cannabidiol reverses the reduction in social interaction produced by low dose delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol in rats. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 93(2):91-96. (open-field, rat, Australia)
- Martinez-Garcia F et al. (2009) Refining the dual olfactory hypothesis: Pheromone reward and odour experience. (odour preference, mouse, Spain)
- Nakatani-Pawlak A et al. (2009) Neonatal Phencyclidine Treatment in Mice Induces Behavioral, Histological and Neurochemical Abnormalities in Adulthood. Biol. Pharmaceutical Bull. 32(9):1576. (water maze, mouse, Japan).
- Pedraza C et al (2009) Neurotoxic effects induced by gammahydroxybutyric acid (GHB) in male rats. Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol. 12:1165-1177. (water maze, rat, Spain)
- Peña Y et al. (2009) Enduring effects of environmental enrichment from weaning to adulthood on pituitary-adrenal function, pre-pulse inhibition and learning in male and female rats. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 34(9):1390-404 (Hole-board, elevated plus maze, social discrimination memory, Hebb-Williams maze, rat, Spain)
- Sanchis-Segura C et al. (2009) Selective Boosting of Transcriptional and Behavioral Responses to Drugs of Abuse by Histone Deacetylase Inhibition. Neuropsychopharmacol. In press. (Conditioned place preference, mouse, Spain)
- Singer HS et al. (2009) Prenatal exposure to antibodies from mothers of children with autism produces neurobehavioral alterations: A pregnant dam mouse model. (elevated-plus maze, mouse, USA)
- Viosca J et al. (2009) Germline expression of H-RasG12V causes neurological deficits associated to Costello syndrome. Genes, Brain and Behavior, 8(1):60-71. (Mouse, Spain)
- Arqué G et al. (2008) Impaired Spatial Learning Strategies and Novel Object Recognition in Mice Haploinsufficient for the Dual Specificity Tyrosine-Regulated Kinase-1A (Dyrk1A). PLoS ONE 3(7): e2575. (water maze, mouse Spain)
- Asua T et al. (2008) Implication of the Endocannabinoid System in the Locomotor Hyperactivity Associated with Congenital Hypothyroidism. Endocrinology 149(5):2657-2666 (Locomotor activity, mouse, Spain)
- Das SR et al. (2008) Relationship between mRNA expression of splice forms of the ζ1 subunit of the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor and spatial memory in aged mice. Brain Research. 1207:142-154. (working memory task, mouse, USA)
- Chae Y et al. (2008) Effect of acupuncture on anxiety-like behavior during nicotine withdrawal and relevant mechanisms. Neurosci. Lett. 430Font L et al. (2008) Involvement of brain catalase activity in the acquisition of ethanol-induced conditioned place preference. Physiol. Behav. 93(4-5):733-741 (Conditioned place preference, mouse, Spain)
- Fan LW et al. (2008) Alfa-Phenyl-n-tert-butyl-nitrone ameliorates hippocampal injury and improves learning and memory in juvenile rats following neonatal exposure to lipopolysaccharide Eur. J. Neurosci. 27(6): 1475-1484. (open-field, plus-maze, rat, Taiwan)
- Feiyong Jia et al. (2008) Blocking Histamine H1 improves learning and mnemonic dysfunction in mice with social isolation plus repeated methamphetamine injection. J. Pharmacol. Sci. 107: 167-174. (water maze, mouse, Japan)
- Hoane M et al. (2008) Nicotinamide treatment induces behavioral recovery when administered up to 4 hours following cortical contusion injury in the rat. Neuroscience. 154(3):861-868 (Water maze, rat, USA)
- Hook VYH et al. (2008) Inhibitors of cathepsin B improve memory and reduce beta-amyloid in transgenic Alzheimer’s disease mice expressing the wild-type, but not the Swedish mutant, beta-secretase APP site. J Biochem. Chem. 283(12):7745-53. (water maze, mouse, USA)
- Jeong E et al. (2008) Cognitive-enhancing and antioxidant activities of iridoid glycosides from Scrophularia buergeriana in scopolamine-treated mice. Eur. J. Pharm. 588(1):78-84 (Water maze, mouse, USA)
- Le-Niculescu H et al. (2008) Phenomic, Convergent Functional Genomic, and biomarker studies in a stress-reactive genetic animal model of bipolar disorder and co-morbid alcoholism. Am. J. Med. Genet. 147(2):134-166 (Locomotor pattern, mouse, USA)
- McClean J et al. (2008) 17α-Estradiol is neuroprotective in male and female rats in a model of early brain injury. Experimental Neurology. 210(1), 41-50. (water maze, rat, USA)
- Rothstein S et al. (2008) Response to neonatal anesthesia: Effect of sex on anatomical and behavioral outcome. Neuroscience. 152(4):959-969. (rat, USA)
- Rueda N et al. (2008) Chronic pentylenetetrazole but not donepezil treatment rescues spatial cognition in Ts65Dn mice, a model for Down syndrome. Neurosci. Lett. 433(1):22-27 (locomotor activity, mouse, Spain)
- Ruiz-Medina J et al. (2008) Intracranial self-stimulation facilitates a spatial learning and memory task in the Morris water maze. Neuroscience. 154(2): 424-430. (water maze, rat, Spain)
- Pastor R et al. (2008) Ethanol injected into the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus induces behavioral stimulation in rats: an effect prevented by catalase inhibition and naltrexone. Behavioural Pharmacology. 19(7):698-705. (locomotor activity, rat, Spain)
- Patrignani C et al. (2008) Knockout mice reveal a role for protein tyrosine phosphatase H1 in cognition. Behav. Brain Funct. 4:36 (Plus-maze, mouse, Italy)
- Pletnikov M et al. (2008) Inducible expression of mutant human DISC1 in mice is associated with brain and behavioral abnormalities reminiscent of schizophrenia. Mol. Psychiatr. 13:173-186 (mouse, USA)
- Skelton M et al. (2008) (±)-3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine treatment in adult rats impairs path integration learning: A comparison of single vs once per week treatment for 5 weeks. Neuropharmacology. Article in Press. (Water maze, rat, USA)
- Stone EA et al. (2008) An anti-immobility effect of exogenous corticosterone in mice. European Journal of Pharmacology. 580(1-2):135-142. (open-field, Mouse, USA)
- Vorhees C et al. (2008) Effects of neonatal (+)-methamphetamine on path integration and spatial learning in rats: effects of dose and rearing conditions. Int. J. Dev. Med. 26(6):599-610 (Water maze, rat, USA)
- Younbyoung C et al. (2008) Effect of acupuncture on anxiety-like behavior during nicotine withdrawal and relevant mechanisms. Neuroscience Letters. 430(2): 98-102. (locomotor activity, rat, Republic of Korea)
- Satoh Y et al. (2007) Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase 2 (ERK2) Knockdown Mice Show Deficits in Long-Term Memory; ERK2 Has a Specific Function in Learning and Memory. J. Neurosci. 27(40):10765-10776. (open-field, elevated plus maze, Y-maze, and Morris water maze, mouse, Japan
- Agustin-Pavon C et al. (2007). Effects of dopaminergic drugs on innate pheromone-mediated reward in female mice: A new case of dopamine-independent
- Bekker A et al. (2007) Physostigmine reverses cognitive dysfunction caused by moderate hypoxia in adult mice. Anesth Analg. 105(3):739-43 (Object recognition test, mouse, USA)
- Clark MS et al. (2007) Chronic low dose ovine corticotropin releasing factor or urocortin II into the rostral dorsal raphe alters exploratory behavior and serotonergic gene expression in specific subregions of the dorsal raphe. Neuroscience. 146(4): 1888-1905. (novel object test, rat, USA)
- El-Kouhen O et al. (2006) Blockade of mGluR1 receptor results in analgesia and disruption of motor and cognitive performances: effects of A-841720, a novel non-competitive mGluR1 receptor antagonist. British Journal of Pharmacology 149, 761–774 (water maze, rat, USA)
- Emgard M et al. (2007) Prenatal glucocorticoid exposure affects learning and vulnerability of cholinergic neurons. 28(1): 112-121. (water maze, rat, Italy).
- Khroyan TV et al. (2007) SR 16435 [1-(1-(Bicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-9-yl)piperidin-4-yl)indolin-2-one], a Novel Mixed Nociceptin/Orphanin FQ/µ-Opioid Receptor Partial Agonist: Analgesic and Rewarding Properties in Mice. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 320: 934-943. (global activity, mouse, USA)
- Kumar et al. (2007) Effect of Ocimum sanctum (linn) extract on restraint stress induced behavioral deficits in male wistar rats. Pharmacologyonline 3: 384-404. (water maze, rat, India
- Malatynska E et al. (2007) Reduction of dominant or submissive behaviors as models for antimanic or antidepressant drug testing: Technical considerations. J. Neurosci. 165:175-182. (Dominant-submissive behaviour, Rat, USA)
- Pletnikov MV et al. (2007) Inducible expression of mutant human DISC1 in mice is associated with brain and behavioral abnormalities reminiscent of schizophrenia. Mol Psychiatry. In Press. (spatial memory, mouse, USA)
- Zhou M and Suszkiw JB (2007) Nicotine attenuates spatial learning deficits induced in the rat by perinatal lead exposure. Brain Research 999(1): 142-147. (water maze, rat, USA)
- Kumar et al. (2007) Effect of Ocimum sanctum (linn) extract on restraint stress induced behavioral deficits in male wistar rats. Pharmacologyonline 3: 384-404. (water maze, rat, India)
- Bekker A et al. (2006) Isoflurane Preserves Spatial Working Memory in Adult Mice After Moderate Hypoxia. Anesth. Analg. 102:1134-1138. (Y-maze, mouse, USA)
- Brody DL and Holtzman DM (2006) Morris water maze search strategy analysis in PDAPP mice before and after experimental traumatic brain injury. Exp Neurol. 197(2): 330–340. (water maze, mouse, USA)
- Ding Q et al. (2006) Insuline-like growth factor I interfaces with brain-derived neurotrophic factor-mediayed synaptic plasticity to modulate aspects of exercise-induced cognitive function. Neuroscience 140:823–833. (water maze, rat, USA).
- El-Kouhen O et al. (2006) Blockade of mGluR1 receptor results in analgesia and disruption of motor and cognitive performances: effects of A-841720, a novel non-competitive mGluR1 receptor antagonist. British Journal of Pharmacology 149, 761–774 (water maze, rat, USA
- Flores J A et al (2006) Role for dopamine neurons of the rostral linear nucleus and periaqueductal gray in the rewarding and sensitizing properties of heroin. Neuropsychopharmacology 31, 1475-1488 (open field, black and white box, elevated plus-maze, rat, Spain)
- Fan LW et al. (2006) Minocycline attenuates hypoxia–ischemia-induced neurological dysfunction and brain injury in the juvenile rat. Eur. J. Neurosci. 24:341-350 (locomotor activity, plus-maze, rat, USA)
- Jahng JW et al. (2006) Ovatiectomy ameliorates dextromethorphan-induced memory impairment in young female rats. J. Cell. Mol. Med. 10(1): 166-173. (water maze, rat, South Korea)
- Kim KS et al. (2006) Adenylyl cyclase type 5 (AC5) is an essential mediator of morphine action. PNAS 103(10):3908-3913. (open-field, locomotor activity, Korea, USA)
- Kim HS et al. (2006) Identification of a new functional target of haloperidol metabolite: implications for a receptor-independent role of 3-(4-fluorobenzoyl) propionic acid. J. Neurochem. In press
- Kim K-S and Han P-L (2006) Optimization of chronic stress paradigms using anxiety- and depression-like behavioral parameters J. Neurosci. Res. 83(3):497–507. (anxiety, depression, Korea)
- Li S et al. (2006) Transient versus prolonged hyperlocomotion following lateral fluid percussion injury in Mongolian gerbils. J. Neurosci. Res. 83(2): 292-300. (open-field, gerbils, Japan).
- Samuelsson AM et al. (2006) Prenatal exposure to interleukin-6 results in inflammatory neurodegeneration in hippocampus with NMDA/GABAA dysregulation and impaired spatial learning. Am. J. Physiol. 290:R1345-R1356. (rat, Sweden)
- D'Intino G et al. (2005) Cognitive deficit associated with cholinergic and nerve growth factor down-regulation in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in rats. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 22; 102(8): 3070–3075. (morris water maze, rat, Italy)
- Dominey PF et al. (2005) Learning To Talk About Events From Narrated Video in the Construction Grammar Framework, Artificial Intelligence, 167:31-61. (human language, France).
- Giménez-Llort et al. (2005) Mice lacking the adenosine A1 receptor have normal spatial learning and plasticity in the CA1 region of the hippocampus, but they habituate more slowly. Synapse. 57(8): 8-16. (Morris water maze, mouse, Spain)
- Giza CC et al. (2005) Experience-dependent behavioural plasticity is disturbed following traumatic injury to the immature brain. Behav. Brain. Res. 157: 11-22. (Morris water maze, rat, USA)
- Gustavsson M et al. (2005) Hypoxic preconditioning confers long-term reduction of brain injury and improvement of neurological ability in immature rats. Pediatric Research 57: 305-309. (Morris water maze, rat, Sweden).
- Oler JA et al. (2005) Hippocampal and amygdalar involvement in discriminatory place learning. Neuroscience 132 (2005) 1–12. (Pavlovian discriminative fear conditioning, rat, USA)
- Pinhasov A et al. (2005) Reduction of Submissive Behavior Model for antidepressant drug activity testing: study using a video-tracking system. Beba. Pharmacol. 16(8):657-664. (Sumissive Behavior Model, rat, USA)
- Font L et al. (2005) Prevention of Ethanol-Induced Behavioral Stimulation by d-Penicillamine: A Sequestration Agent for Acetaldehyde. Neurological, Behavioral, and Environmental Relations to Drinking Alcoholism. Clin. Exp. Res. 29(7):1156-1164. (locomotor activity, mouse, Spain)
- Struthers WM et al. (2005) Habituation reduces novelty-induced FOS expression in the striatum and cingulated cortex. Exp. Brain Res. 167(1): 136-140. (locomotor activity, rat, USA)
- Arai Y-CP et al. (2004) Pre-anesthetic maternal separation increases pups' locomotor behavior during emergence from anesthesia in rats. Acta Anaesthesiol. Scand. 48(2):174. (locomotor activity, rat, USA)
- Chae Y et al. (2004) Acupunture attenuates repeated nicotine-induced behavioural sensitization and c-Fos expression in the nucleus accumbens and striatum of the rat. Neurosci.Lett. 358: 87-90. (locomotor activity, rat, South Korea)
- Crowley et al. (2004) Automated tests for measuring the effects of antidepressants in mice. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 78(2): 269-274. (forced-swimming test, mouse, USA)
- Inoue T et al. (2004) Morphological and functional recovery of the planarian photosensing system during head regeneration. Zoological Science 21: 275-283. (phototaxis, planarian, Japan)
- Martínez de Lagrán M et al. (2004) Motor phenotypic alterations in TgDyrk1a transgenic mice implicate DYRK1A in down syndrome motor dysfunction. Neurobiol. Dis. 15:132-142. (swimming test, mouse, Spain)
- Hoane MR et al. (2004) Transplantation of Neuronal and Glial Precursors Dramatically Improves Sensorimotor Function but Not Cognitive Function in the Traumatically Injured Brain. J. Neurotroma 21(2): 163-174. (Morris water maze, rat, USA)
- Lee KW et al. (2004) Progressive cognitive impairment and anxiety induction in the absence of plaque deposition in C57BL/6 inbred mice expressing transgenic amyloid precursor protein. J Neurosci. Res. 76(4): 572-580 (mouse, South Korea)
- Sadowski M et al. (2004) Links Between the Pathology of Alzheimer's Disease and Vascular Dementia. Neurochem. Res. 29(6): 1257-1266. (USA)
- Zhao RJ et al. (2004) Orphanin FQ/nociceptin methamphetamine place preference in rats. Neuroreport. 14(18):2383-2385. (place preference, rat, Korea)
- Ouyang M et al. (2004) Adrenergic signalling plays a critical role in the maintenance of waking and in the regulation of REM sleep. J. Neurophysiol. 92: 2071-2082. (locomotor activity, mouse, USA)
- Ruiz-Opazo N et al. (2004) Attenuated hippocampus-dependent learning and memory decline in transgenic TgAppswe Ficher-344 rats. Molecular Med. 10(1-6): 36-44. (Morris water maze, rat, USA)
- Wu A et al. (2004) Dietary omega-3 fatty acids normalize BDNF levels, reduce oxidative damage, and counteract learning disability after traumatic brain injury in rats. J. Neurotrauma 21(10): 1457-1467. (Morris water maze, rat, USA).
- Calza L et al. (2003) Neural stem cells and cholinergic neurons: regulation by immunolesion and treatment with mitogens, retinoic acid, and nerve growth factor. PNAS 100(12): 7325-7330. (morris water maze, rat, Italy)
- De Felipe C (2003) Participación de la sustancia P en los mecanismos de recompensa. In. Monografías Dr. Antonio Esteve. Aspectos básicos y Clínicos sobre la neurobiología de la adicción pp. 1 (place preferente, mouse, Spain)
- Dominey PF and Boucher JD (2003) Developmental stages of perception and language acquisition in a perceptually grounded robot. In: Berthouze, L., Kozima, H., Prince, C.G., Stojanov, G., Metta, G., and Balkenius, C. (Eds.) Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on Epigenetic robotics. Lund University Cognitive Studies, 117, ISBN 91-974741- 3-4. (learning meaning, coloured object detection, robot, France)
- Ishibashi S et al. (2003) Neurological dysfunctions versus regional Infarction volum after focal ischemia in Mongolian gerbils. Stroke, 34: 1501-1506. (T-maze, gerbils, Japan)
- Li L et al. (2003) Association of Aortic Atherosclerosis with Cerebral ß-Amyloidosis and Learning Deficits in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease. Am. J. Pathol. 163:2155-2164. (locomotor activity, water maze, mouse, USA)
- Lopez MF et al. (2003) Age- and sex-related differences in alcohol and nicotine effects in C57BL/6J mice. Addiction Biology 8(4): 419-427. (locomotor activity, mouse, USA)
- Miquel M et al. (2003) Neonatal administration of monosodium glutamate prevents the development of ethanol- but not psychostimulant-induced sensitization: a putative role of the arcuate nucleus Eur. J. Neurosci. 17(10):2163-2170 (locomotor activity, mouse, Spain)
- Clark MS et al. (2002) Overexpression of 5HT1B receptor in dorsal raphe nucleus using herpes simplex virus gene transfer increases anxiety behaviour after inescapable stress. J. Neurosci. 22(11): 4550-4562. (elevated plus maze, rat, USA).
- Fernandez-Teruel A et al. (2002) A quantitative trait locus infuencing anxiety in the laboratory rat. Genome Res. 1-9. (open-field, rat, Spain)
- Martínez-Cué C et al. (2002) Differential effects of environmental enrichment on behavior and learning of male and female Ts65Dn mice, a model for Down syndrome. Behav. Brain Res. 134:185-200. (open-field, mouse, Spain)
- Reed TM, et al. (2002) Phosphodiesterase 1B Knock-Out Mice Exhibit Exaggerated Locomotor Hyperactivity and DARPP-32 Phosphorylation in Response to Dopamine Agonists and Display Impaired Spatial Learning. J. Neurosci, 22(12):5188-5197. (morris water maze, mouse. USA)
- Smriga M et al. (2002) Dietary L-lysine deficiency increases stress-induced anxiety and fecal excretion in rats. J. Nutr. 132: 3744-3746. (elevated-plus maze, rat, Japan)
- Vogel RW et al. (2002) Age-related impairement in the 250-millisecond delay eyeblink classical conditioning procedure in C57BL/6 mice. Learn. Mem. 9(5): 321-336. (Morris water maze, mouse, USA)
- Aguilar R et al. (2002) Differences Between Two Psychogenetically Selected Lines of Rats in a Swimming Pool Matching-To-Place Task: Long-Term Effects of Infantile Stimulation. Behavior Genetics. 32(2):127-134. ((morris water maze, rat, Spain)
- Hwang DY et al. (2002) Alterations in behaviour, amyloid ß-42, caspase-3, and Cox-2 in mutant PS2 transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease. FASEB 16: 805-813. (mouse, Korea)
- Yau JLW et al. (2002) Chronic treatment with the antidepressant amitriptyline prevents impairments in water maze learning in aging rats. J. Neurosci. 22(4): 1435-1442. (elevated-plus maze, rat, UK)
- Anisman H and McIntyre DC (2002) Conceptual, spacial, and cue learning in the morris water maze in fast or slow kindling rats: attention deficit comorbidity. J. Neurosci. 22(17):7809-7817. (morris water maze, rat, Canada)
- Ralph RJ et al. (2001) Prepulse inhibition deficits and perseverative motor patterns in dopamine transporter knock-out mice: differential effects of D1 and D2 receptor antagonists. J. Neurosci. 21(1):305-313. (locomotor activity, mouse, USA)
- Johansson B et al. (2001) Hyperalgesia, anxiety, and decreased hypoxic neuroprotection in mice lacking the adenosine A1 receptor. PNAS 98(16):9407-9412. (Black & White box, mouse, Sweden/Spain/USA)
- Altafaj et al. (2001) Neurodevelopmental delay, motor abnormalities and cognitive deficits in transgenic mice overexpressing Dyrk1A (minibrain), a murine model of Down's syndrome. Human Mol. Genetics 10(18): 1915-1923. (elevated-plus maze, mouse, Spain)
- Valverde O et al. (2000) Cannabinoid withdrawal syndrome is reduced in pre-proenkephalin knock-out mice. J. Neurosci. 20(24): 9264-9289. (locomotor activity, mouse, USA, Spain)
- Wickman K et al. (2000) Brain localization and behavioral impact of the G-protein-gated K+ channel subunit GIRK4. J. Neurosci. 20(15): 5608-5615. (morris water maze, mouse, USA)
- 1 - Will I get 'Technical Assistance' really for free if I buy a Smart System?
- Yes indeed, we do provide free of charge technical assistance and support lasting as much as your Smart System does!!
Due to the fact that Panlab does design and program every bit of its software, we count with a team of expert software engineers ready to offer their knowledge and learn from you.
- 2 - What does it mean 'Scientific Support included'?
- Panlab counts with a Scientific Department which aim is to sharing Panlab extensive experience in the Bioresearch Field -more than 30 years- thus offering free of charge support and guide specially in the Neuroscience field.
Lead by a PhD in Neuroscience, you will be able to get bibliography, experimental protocol's guidelines, commented results, tips and above all, you will be able to speak to a 'colleague' and discuss further developments and ideas.
- 3 - I have one Smart-BS system. If I wished to monitor several animals per arena in several arenas at once, what should i go for?
- You should then expand the reach of your existent Smart System. Smart-MA (multiple arenas) in combination with Smart-SS (Multiple Subject) will allow you to track up to 8 animals per arena in up to 16 arenas.
- 4 - What could I want Smart I/O for?
- If you had Smart I/O extension, you would be able to connect input signals and have them recorded as 'events' in parallel to the rest of the data that Smart calculates in relation to the track of the animal. For instance, you could have your animal's rearings monitored by connecting an infrared frame to the system. You would also be able to send output signals or instructions in coordination with Smart software. To name one, you could configure the Smart System in a way that, every time an animal entered a certain zone, a light blinked over the arena were the animal is moving.
As you will easily notice, there are almost infinite possibilities to make the most out of a Smart I/O Extension.
Specifications are subject to change without notice.
We welcome your ideas! If you have developed any instrument you feel may have significant interest for applied neuroscience, physiology and/or pharmacology, we would like to hear and discuss about it.